中高齡者參與車露野營活動邁向成功老化之路

Abstract

近年來全球人口快速老化，擁有健康的身、心、靈方能享受有品質的晚年生活。成功老化（Successful Aging）一詞即是在描繪此種有品質的晚年生活，聯合國在2011年也將其認定為人類永續發展的其中目標之一。因此，提倡戶外運動來促進中高齡者的身心靈健康以達到成功老化，遂成為本研究關心的議題。過往對於老人休閒活動的認知，多半都以安全為考量的靜態活動而限制了活動的多樣性，本文研究者愛好戶外活動，長年看到幾個車露野營族群內的長輩，經年累月活力充沛遨遊於大自然間愈活愈健康，儼然成為成功老化的最佳範本。故本研究探訪這些長者，企圖從自我實現（Self-actualization）、自我效能（Self-efficacy）、社會支持（Social support）及大自然的療癒力量（Nature therapy）幾個觀點，探討逐漸興盛的「車露野營」對於促進中高齡者身心靈健康以達成功老化的影響力。首先將透過文獻分析來探討車露野營對於中高齡者自我實現、社會支持、大自然的療癒及自我效能提升的影響力，接著以質性研究的實際參與、田野觀察、深入訪談及網路問卷蒐集並分析資料，繼而架構出值得中高齡者們參考及如何踏入車露野營第一步的實用資料。搭上二零一九年九月三十日行政院宣布開放山林政策的順風車，期待本研究能讓車露野營造福更多人健康快樂的成功老化。

In recent years, the global population has been aging rapidly. In order to maintain good quality of life in old ages, keeping a healthy body, mind and spirit become more and more important. The term "Successful Aging" describes the quality of life in old ages, and the United Nations recognized it as one of the goals of human sustainable development in 2011. Therefore, the promotion of outdoor activities to enhance the physical and mental health of middle-aged and elderly people in order to achieve successful aging has become a topic of concern in this research. In the past, leisure activities for the elderly was mostly static activities based on safety considerations, which limited the diversity of activities. The researcher of this article loves outdoor activities. For years, the researcher has seen those elders in the motorhome camping groups who are always energetic after years of vigorously roaming in nature. They look more and more healthy, and has become the best model for successful aging. Thus, researcher visits those elders, and trying to explore from the viewpoints of self-actualization, self-efficacy, social support, and nature therapy to see how the motorhome camping activities have the positive effect on the physical and mental health of those middle-aged and elderly people towards to successful aging. First, through literature reviews to see the impact of the self-realization, social support, natural healing and self-efficacy improvement on motorhome camping for those middle-aged and elderly will be explored. Then followed by actual participation, qualitative research, field observations, in-depth interviews and the internet questionnaire will be used. The questionnaire collects and analyzed information then will be constructed into practical information that is worthy of reference for other middle-aged and elderly people, especially for those who are new and want to know how to take the first step in motorhome camping in Taiwan. On September 30, 2019, the Executive Yuan of Taiwan announced to opening up the mountains and forests, as well as its policy. It is hoped that motorhome camping will be easier and more efficiency since to create a healthy and happy elder friendly environment towards to successful aging for more elders.