晚年如何美好？—聖嚴法師的禪修教育對高齡社會之啟發

Abstract

第一章緒論：簡媜《誰在銀閃閃的地方，等你》為問題意識觸發，欲探究人到晚年如何避免景況如此，如何活出老年的智慧。 第二章文獻回顧與探討：傳統家族長老因社會變遷而成為現代小家庭安養的包袱，現代老人不該只是被處理的「問題」，老人如何自主活出「美好的晚年」。由各學門領域期刊論文歸納出老人晚年有生活空間(社會、家庭)與生命歷程(退休、病死)的困境。 第三章研究方法：文本分析法為主，以質性訪談研究法補充文本不足，訪談資料的分析與呈現，採用「主題連結(thematic connection)」 的方法建立，呈顯聖嚴法師與兩位弟子杜正民、張舉，三位禪修行者「美好晚年」的內涵。 第四章佛法中的美好晚年：以法鼓全集的生活佛法系列回應文獻回顧中的老年困境，佛法如何實現老得有智慧、病得很健康、告別得很自在。 第五章聖嚴法師禪修教育之「美好的晚年」：依文獻資料與訪談文本分別歸納整理三位禪修行者的個性特質、如何實踐生命觀、修行觀、療病觀、生死觀、與美好晚年的內涵。 第六章結論：關於聖嚴法師禪修教育的傳承，聖嚴法師與兩位弟子都對佛法僧三寶有堅定的信心，都依自己的時空環境與角色身分，積極活出屬於自己的生命意義與價值。發願奉獻自己成就他人，用自己的生命正面影響家庭、社區、道場、學校、法鼓山、社會、國家、國際組織、全世界。禪法的修行沒有離開日常生活，生活中依佛法與禪法修行，體驗實踐佛法與禪法的生死觀與療病觀，他們皆不被病痛困擾，不因死亡而恐懼，完成禪修解脫生死的終極目標，圓滿活出屬於他們自己的「美好晚年」。

Chapter 1 Introduction: The purpose of the research is to understand how meditators live a beautiful old age. Take Master Shengyan and two senior disciples as the research objects. I hope this will inspire the elderly in the aged society and the elderly in the future. Chapter 2 Literature Review: Academic research mostly regards the elderly as problems, and rarely assists the elderly in solving problems. The traditional Eastern family elders have become a burden for modern small families due to social changes. Periodical papers in various academic fields summarized the plight of the elderly in their later years in the living space and life course. Chapter 3 Research method: mainly based on text analysis, supplemented by qualitative interview research method. The interview data is analyzed and presented using the "thematic connection" method. In this way, Master Shengyan and his two disciples are presented "the beautiful old age of meditation practitioners." Chapter 4 The beautiful old age in Buddhism: The series of books on life Buddhism in the book "The Complete Works of Dharma Drum" by Master Shengyan is used to respond to the plight of the elderly in their old age. How does the Buddhism achieve wisdom in old age, health in sickness, and death without concern. Chapter 5 "The Beautiful Old Age" of Master Shengyan's Chan Education: According to the literature and interview texts, we summarize and sort out the personality traits of the three meditation practitioners. And understand how they practice the value of life, daily practice, the concept of healing, the concept of death, and the connotation of their beautiful old age. Chapter 6 Conclusion: Master Shengyan and his two disciples have firm confidence in the Three Jewels of Buddhism, Dharma, and Sangha. Actively live out the meaning and value of your life according to your own time and space environment and identity. Volunteer to dedicate yourself to achieve others, and use your life to positively influence family, students, colleagues, medical staff, communities, society, the country, and the world. The practice of Chan does not depart from daily life, and practice Buddhism and Chan in life. Practice the concept of death and medical treatment of Buddhism and Chan. They are not bothered by illness. Don't fear death. Complete the ultimate goal of meditation and liberation from life and death. Successful living out of their own "great old age." This is the philosophy and practice of Master Shengyan's meditation education inheritance.