中古時期的禪經觀－以大、小乘的分判為主

Abstract

《安般守意經》、《陰持入經》、《般舟三昧經》等經典在早期多被視作大乘經典，而在隋代以下的經錄中，除了《般舟三昧經》依舊被視為大乘經典外，其他兩部已被看作小乘經論或是賢聖的作品。《坐禪三昧經》、《禪法要解》、《禪祕要法經》、《思惟略要法》、《達摩多羅禪經》、《五門禪經要用法》、《治禪病祕要法》等諸經、在隋代以下的經錄，被視作小乘經論或是賢聖的作品。《觀佛三昧海經》、《觀普賢菩薩行法經》、《觀虛空藏菩薩經》、《觀無量壽佛經》、《觀藥王藥上二菩薩經》、《觀彌勒菩薩上生兜率天經》等，在隋代以下的經錄中，則被視為大乘經典。隋代以降的經錄中，除了《般舟三昧經》以及以觀為名六部經典被視為大乘外，《安般守意經》等其他本文所談的經典，皆被視作小乘經論或是賢聖的作品。

The An ban shou yi jing, Yin chi ru jing, and Ban zhou san mei jing were initially regarded as Mahāyāna texts. After the Sui dynasty, however, catalogues of scriptures (jinglu) classified the An ban shou ji jing and Yin chi ru jing as Hīnayāna texts or the works of enlightened sages. This was also the case with texts such as the Zuo chan san mei jing, Chan fa yao jie, Chan mi yao fa jing, Si wei lue yao fa, Da mo duo luo chan jing, Wu men chan jing yao yong fa, Chi chan bing mi yao fa, etc. Conversely, texts such as the Guan fo san mei hai jing, Guan pu xian pu sa xing fa jing, Guan xu kong zang pu sa jing, Guan wu liang shou fo jing, Guan yao wang yao shang er pu sa jing, or Guan mi le pu sa shang sheng dou shuai tian jing were viewed as Mahāyāna texts. With the exception of the Ban zhou san mei jing and the six scriptures containing the words guan in their titles, all of which were considered to belong to the Mahāyāna, catalogues of scriptures from after the Sui dynasty classify the An ban shou yi jing and all the other scriptures discussed in this paper as Hīnayāna texts or the works of enlightened sages.