第三人生之創新服務研發-以社會企業模式創業

Abstract

2021年內政部公布台灣全人口平均壽命為81.3歲，且呈現逐年上升的趨勢。根據勞動部最新調查，勞工預計退休年齡平均為61.3歲；公教人員的平均退休年齡則為57歲，由此可見中高齡者退休後平均餘命高達20年以上。2019年台灣衛生福利部公布健康平均餘命為72.4歲，較2018年增加0.1歲，與2009年相較則增加1.6歲，因此國人退休後身體健康且有自主生活能力的時間可能超過10年。台灣65歲以上人口中推估於2027年超過500萬人，2043年即將超過700萬。因此，預估有大量人口將有退休人生規劃的需求。 退休是人生另一階段的開始，是個人生命歷程之重要地位推移。退休因身分或角色之變化，個人可能失去權力聲望，進而產生心態或行為上的影響。根據衛生福利部調查統計，2017年55-64歲受訪者未來有規劃老年生活者超過半數，數據顯示，國人對第三人生規劃的重視，且有將近半數願意積極參與社會活動。因此，若退休前能在經濟、心理、生理三方面做好充分準備、細心規劃、妥善安排，將有助於退休後的生活適應，以及讓自己感受到人生無憾。因此，本研究規劃以社會企業模式研發產品試圖解決善用第三人生的需要。 本研究根據文獻探討規劃第三人生數位平台產品的原型及經營模式，採用線上問卷調查，瞭解民眾對本產品使用意願、產品功能與經營規劃內容，以及產品安全性及隱私權的看法。最後，根據調查分析結果修改本產品第三人生數位平台產品佈建及完整社會企業模式經營規劃。本研究調查對象採以滾雪球方式取樣，年齡為35歲以上。 本產品主要欲協助中高齡者退休生活規劃，因此設計第三人生數位平台將提供生命統整、第三人生規劃，以協助達成美好晚年生活的服務。產品功能包括「生命記錄統整」之「生命繪本」、「第三人生規劃」之「前輩出租」及「夢想清單」，以及「暮齡要事安排」之「生前告別式」及「萬一筆記本」。 本研究收集500份線上調查問卷。本調查分析結果發現，研究對象規劃退休年齡平均為62歲；其最想規劃的退休生活安排包括休閒旅遊、促進健康、參與志工服務以及完成夢想；高達57.4%(287人)未作任何退休生活的規劃；未規劃的原因為目前只有想想可能規劃、時間還久，以及不知道要怎麼規劃。最想完成的夢想，則有想要健康老化、再進修學習及投入志願服務；同時研究發現女性、年齡為45-64歲且大學以上教育程度者對如何規劃第三人生的議題可能較有興趣。 本研究調查分析結果發現近七成(67.2%)研究對象願意使用本產品。五項服務功能中「夢想清單」佔70.6%；「前輩出租」佔68.6%；「暮齡要事安排」佔67.2%；「生命統整」佔61.4%；「第三人生規劃」佔56.4%。整體來看，僅「第三人生規劃」功能56.4%，「生命統整」功能61.4%之外，其他三項高達七成左右研究對象有使用意願，顯示本研究產品有其一定的巿場。 本調查分析結果發現對於資訊安全與隱私較為重視的研究對象為，女性(87.1%)；年齡為75歲~84歲(100%)、45歲~54歲(89%)及35歲~44歲(87.5%)之研究對象與博士(94.1%)及大學(89%)。研究對象針對平台付費意願，發現願意付費佔45.2%；每月願意支付的金額49-99元佔40%、100-199元佔24.4%。 本計畫產品即依研究調查分析結果調整第三人生數位產品規劃，未來將申請政府創新研究計畫補助進行平台開發並上線營運，預期將服務更多即將退休或已退休者預先規劃退休生活，實現圓滿第三人生。The Ministry of the Interior announced in 2021 that the average life expectancy of Taiwan population was 81.3 years old, showing an upward trend year by year. According to the latest survey by the Ministry of Labor, the expected average retirement age of laborers is 61.3 years old; the average retirement age of the government employees and school staffs is 57 years old, which shows that the average remaining life expectancy of middle-aged and elderly people after retirement is more than 20 years. In 2019, Ministry of Health and Welfare announced that the average healthy life expectancy was 72.4 years, an increase of 0.1 years compared to the average in 2018, and 1.6 years compared to the average in 2009. Therefore, people might still be living healthy and independently for more than 10 years after retirement in Taiwan. The Taiwanese population aged over 65 is estimated to exceed 5 million in 2027, and is expected to exceed 7 million in 2043. Therefore, it can be reasonably assumed that many people will need to plan their lives after retirement. Retirement is the beginning of another stage of life and is an important transition in the course of life as well. Due to changes in personal status or roles after retirement, individuals may lose power and reputation, which in turn will have an impact on personal mentality or behavior. According to the statistics of the Ministry of Health and Welfare in 2017, more than half of the interviewees ageing from 55 to 64 years old had plans for the aged life in the future. The data showed that people valued third-life planning, and nearly half of them were willing to participate in social activities actively. People could fully be prepared, mapped out carefully, and arranged properly in terms of economy, psychology, and physiology before retirement, which could help people to adapt to the life after retirement and leave them with no regrets in life. Therefore, this study intends to develop a product that can meet the needs of the third-life based on social enterprises model. This study will build the prototype and business model of the third-life digital platform in terms of literature review, then conduct online questionnaire surveys to understand the public’s opinion about its willingness to use the product, product functions and business schedules, as well as product security and privacy. Finally, according to the results of data analysis, the third-life digital platform deployment and the social enterprise model business scheme will be revised. The study subjects recruited by snowball sampling, and they aged over 35 years old. This product is mainly intended to assist middle-aged and elderly people with their life planning after retirement, so the third-life digital platform is designed to provide life integration and the third-life planning to help achieve the virtue of old age. Product functions include "Life Picture Book" of "Life Record Integration", "Senior to Rent" and "Dream List" of "The Third-Life Planning", and "Farewell Ceremony" and "In Case Notebook" of “Matters to be Arranged on the eve of Death”. This study collected 500 online questionnaires. The data analysis showed that the average retirement age of the interviewees was 62 years old. The most favorited retirement life includes leisure and tourism, health promotion, volunteer, and dreams-come-true. Up to 57.4% of the sample population (287 persons) did not make any plan for retirement life, providing reason such as no imminent need, or no knowledge in making plans. The favorited dreams included healthy aging, pursuit further studies, and volunteer. This study also reveals that women aging from 45 to 64 years old, and people with an education level of college degree and above are more interested in planning for their third-life. This study shows that nearly 70% (67.2%) of the sample population is willing to use the third-life's digital platform. Among the five service functions, "Dream List" accounted for 70.6%; "Senior to Rent" accounted for 68.6%; "Matters to be Arranged on the eve of Death" accounted for 67.2%; "Life Integration" accounted for 61.4%; and "Third-Life Planning" accounted for 56.4%. Generally, apart from the "Third-Life Planning" and the "Life Integration" functions, around 70% of the sample population have the willingness to use the other three service functions, which reveals the potential market the third-life products has. This study results reveal that the sample population who paid more attention to product security and privacy are mostly women (87.1%), aging from 75 to 84 (100%), 45 to 54 (89%), and 35 to 44 years old (87.5%) with Ph.D. (94.1%) and college degrees (89%). Regarding the willingness to pay for the product, 45.2% have the willingness to pay, with 40% and 24.4% willing to pay NT$49-99 and NT$100-199 per month, respectively. The third-life digital product will be adjusted according to the study’s results. In the future, the product will apply for government grant based on its business innovation. It is expected to serve more people who are about to retire or have already retired to plan their retirement life in advance, and assist people to come up with a perfect life after retirement for their third life.