東亞儒家思想傳統中的四種「身體」：類型與議題

Abstract

本文皆析東亞儒家思想傳統所見的四種「身體」：(1)作為政治權力展現場所的身體，(2)作為社會規範展現場所的身體，(3)作為精神修養展現場所的身體，(4)作為隱喻的身體。 有結論指出，在東亞儒家思想中，「身體」在空間上處於社會政治脈絡之中，並在時間上受到歷史經驗的召喚與洗禮，因此而成為一種既是理性又是感性的主體。「身體」有其不完整性，但是從不完整臻於完整之關鍵則在於「氣」。在東亞儒學中，「身」與「心」雖具有互相依存性，但仍以「心」居於首出之地位

This paper attempts at an analysis of the types of body-thinking East Asian Confucianism traditions.. four types of bodies and the issues involved are delineated, namely, a) body politic, b) body as norm, c) body as spiritual cultivation, and d) body as metaphor. We indicate that the current scholarship on the body in Chinese Philosophy has tow main foci.: Mind-scholarship and body thinking. The present essay explores the bodily “heart” in East Asian Confucian traditions and its development in socio-politics, thereby cutting across both trends to join them. On the one hand, this essay nudges the “mind-scholars” to note that, in China, the so-called mind is really the bodily “heart”, the heart of our human being. On the other hand, this essay calls on the “body-thinkers” to note that Confucian body thinking is not a general term but has its specific pivot, the bodily “heart”, which develops sociopolitically, not just perceives and cogitates as does the Western mind. It is in this way that this essay glues both camps together while giving both an active focal pivot.