「讚佛偈」——兼論《雜阿含經》、《別譯雜阿含經》與《相應部》異同

Abstract

本文就「讚佛偈」、「對應經典的次序」與「經文內容」三方面來探討漢譯五十卷本《雜阿含經》、《別譯雜阿含經》與巴利《相應部》之間的異同。 漢譯五十卷本《雜阿含經》有部分經典在文末帶有如「久見婆羅門，逮得般涅槃，一切怖已過，永超世恩愛」的定型句（本文稱之為「讚佛偈」），依照印順法師的《雜阿含經論會編》所編的「51 相應」，這些帶有「讚佛偈」的經典都位於所謂的〈25諸天相應〉，其中，有三部經典還在他處有另一部不帶「讚佛偈」的「重複」經典。 這一重複經典「一部帶有『讚佛偈』、另一部則無」的獨特現象，僅出現在五十卷本《雜阿含經》與《別譯雜阿含經》，巴利《相應部》並未出現此一狀況。 藉助於當代的漢譯《雜阿含經》與巴利《相應部》相關經典的比較研究，漢巴對應經典的「對照目錄」，已經從早期姉崎正治的〈漢譯四阿含〉、赤沼智善的《漢巴四部四阿含互照錄》、佛光《阿含藏》的「對應經典目錄」，進化到今日仍在陸續增訂的SuttaCentral Project 的跨語言文本「對照目錄」。依對應經典的排列順序，可以看出《雜阿含經》與《別譯雜阿含經》的對應關係，還是比巴利《相應部》來得相似。 即使如此，從單一對應經典的比較研究，可以看到有時《雜阿含經》與《別譯雜阿含經》相近，有時《雜阿含經》與《相應部》相近，有時《相應部》與《別譯雜阿含經》相近等參差不齊的現象。所以在細部討論時，仍須逐經作細部比較研究，不宜「以偏概全」而驟下結論。

Based on the study of the “Stanza of Praise to the Buddha” as well as the sequence and content of various parallels, this article explores the issue of the similarities and differences between the Za ahan jing (T99), the Bieyi za ahan jing (T100) and the Pali Saṃyutta Nikāya (SN). At the end of some sutras of the Za ahan jing (T99) one finds a pericope named the “Stanza of Praise to the Buddha” (久見婆羅門，逮得般涅槃，一切怖已過，永超世恩愛). As shown by Master Yinshun, these sutras are located in the “Devata saṃyutta.” Three among these have parallels elsewhere which do not include this “Stanza of Praise to the Buddha.” Only the Za ahan jing (T99) and the Bieyi za ahan jing (T100) carry parallels with and without the “Stanza of Praise to the Buddha”. The Pali Saṃyutta Nikāya does not. In this research I have made use of recent comparative studies of the Chinese Za ahan jing and the Pali Saṃyutta Nikāya, comparative catalogs of the Āgamas and Nikāyas, as well as the catalog available on the Sutta Correspondence Project website (the Suttacentral Project: http://www.suttacentral.net/ ) based on Anesakiā’s “The Four Chinese Āgamas,” Akanuma’s “Comparative Catalogue of Chinese Agamas & Pali Nikayas,” and Fo-guang’s “Foguang ahan zang” comparative catalogs. Based on the sequence of the contents of these parallels, one finds far greater similarities between T99 and T100, as compared to the SN parallel. Be that as it may, we should not jump to the conclusion that this is the case for parallels of every single sutta. It takes a detailed comparison to ascertain the similarities and differences between parallels of any given sutta found in T99, T100 and SN.