《本事・二法品》之比較研究

Abstract

本論文的研究，主要受到釋印順（1988）開創性的《本事・一法品》與Itivuttaka、《增壹阿含》及Aṅguttara Nikāya之比較研究所啟發。以上四者的比較研究，對初期佛教思想的探究而言，可謂提供了另一不同的契機。本論文站在釋印順《本事・一法品》的研究基礎之上，以《本事・二法品》為主，針對其與漢譯四部《阿含》、巴利五部Nikāya、律典、單譯經等初期經典有所對應的內容進行比較研究。以此希望藉由比較研究的進路，對《本事・二法品》的內容及思想作一廣闊地理解之同時，也開闊對《本事》的認識，以及增益對初期佛教教法之探求。 本論文總計針對《本事・二法品》二十九則經典進行了比較研究，當中與其他初期經典有所對應的內容，除了已被多位學者所留意的Itivuttaka外，另獲得了許多新的發現。另外，本論文針對《本事・二法品》以內容的對應程度為基準所進行的比較，相較於釋印順（1988）針對《本事・一法品》以法數為基準所進行的比較，呈現出了不一樣的結果。《本事・二法品》與Aṅguttara Nikāya的對應經有十三經，遠超過於《增壹阿含》的三經。另外，根據本論文的研究，《本事・二法品》與他經的對應程度可見，《本事》以及以法數為編輯原則的經典，其主要的傳承可能並非僅有法數而已；而應該是具有完整內容，或是截取佛陀開示中，具有法數的內容而編輯完成的經典。

The groundbreaking comparative study of Shi, Yinshun (1988) in relation to the Chapter of the One-fold in the Benshi (本事) , Itivuttaka, Ekottarika Āgama (增壹阿含) and Aṅguttara Nikāya are the inspiration of my study. The comparative study of these four materials has created a new prospect in the studies of early Buddhist thought. Following the methodology of Yinshun, this thesis is a study on the Chapter of the Two-fold in the Benshi, by comparing early discourses which contain parallel contents, for instance, the four Āgamas, the five Nikāyas, Vinayas and early Chinese translations of independent sutras. By the comparative approach, this thesis aims to provide a comprehensive view in relation to the Chapter of the Two-fold in the Benshi in term of its content and doctrinal presentation, at the same time to gain a better understanding of the Benshi and to facilitate the exposure to the early Buddhist thought. In this thesis, twenty-nine discourses of the Chapter of the Two-fold have been studied comparatively within the discourse parallels. Except for the known fact derived from the Itivuttaka, this thesis made some new findings. Furthermore, by comparing the parallel content to the Chapter of the Two-fold, the result has shown a quite different picture from Yinshun’s comparative study of the Chapter of the One-fold (1988) which uses the numerical items as the study criteria. There are thirteen discourse parallels between the Benshi Chapter of the Two-fold and the Aṅguttara Nikāya. This number of correlation is higher than the three correspondences to the Ekottarika Āgama. Futhermore, my study has shown that the main part of the Benshi and other discourses which are compiled under numerical scheme seems to be transmitted and preserved not only as numerical items, but also contains full discourses, or excerption of a discourse which contains numerical items.