獨立倡導人對長照機構之無家屬長者社會支持之研究—以桃園市為例

Abstract

由於全球老化急速增加，老人的權益也日漸備受探討，雖然台灣老人機構在數量上已達一定的規模，但機構住民能否依照其個人期待與需求，安享晚年，實為人權至上的世代所應關注之議題。近年來臺灣社會工作專業上，日益重視老人獨立倡導服務，只是礙於剛起步，民眾知道的有限，但獨立倡導人對入住機構內之無家屬長者生命轉化是很重要之社會支持，實在需要更多人來參與倡導服務。研究目的：一、瞭解入住機構內之無家屬長者遭逢生命困境時，社會支持的效益。二、探究獨立倡導人對入住機構內之無家屬長者生命困境轉變歷程之影響。三、分析獨立倡導的角色與功能。本研究以質性研究取向，由轉述者轉述與個案深度訪談的資料，蒐集並加以分析、編碼、分類後依主題撰寫論文。研究發現：一、獨立倡導制度為歐美對弱勢的保護措施，台灣有引進之社會背景與需求。二、獨立倡導人的角色與功能：執行倡導組織的任務，傾聽、陪伴、關懷住民，鼓勵住民為自己的權益發聲或為其發聲。三、呼籲公部門積極、持續發展獨立倡導制度，並擴大推廣，邀請更多關心此議題的社會大眾，共襄盛舉。研究反思獨立倡導人是機構內無家屬長者得以生命轉化之重要社會支持力量，希望社會中有能力、有愛心的人士，共同投入弱勢的代言工作，為公民社會和人道主義彰顯其道。身為獨立倡導人之一員，為了整體社會之進步與發展和人權守護，將盡一己之力。

Due to the rapid increase in global aging, the rights and interests of the elderly are being discussed increasingly. Although the number of elderly institutions in Taiwan has reached a certain scale, the needs and the expectations for the individuals are indeed the issues for the matter of human rights for the residents of the institutions can enjoy their old age. In recent years, Taiwan's social work profession has paid more and more attention to independent advocacy services for the elderly. But it is just getting started, and the public has limited knowledge. Independent advocates are important social support for the life transformation of the elderly without family members living in institutions. So, more people are needed to come to participate in the advocacy services. 1. Understand the benefits of social support when the elderly without family members living in the institution encounter life difficulties. 2. To explore the influence of independent advocates on the transformation process of a dilemma of life for the elderly without family members living in the institution. 3. Analyze the roles and functions of independent advocacy. This research takes the qualitative research orientation. The thesis is written by themes based on the in-depth interviews of the cases after the data are collected, analyzed, coded, and classified. The research found that: 1. The independent advocacy system is a protection measure for the disadvantaged in Europe and the United States, and Taiwan has the social background and needs to introduce it. 2. Roles and functions of independent advocates: perform the tasks of advocacy organizations, listen, accompany, and care for the residents, and encourage residents to speak up for their rights and interests. 3. Call on the public sector to be actively and continuously develop the independent advocacy system, expand its promotion, and invite more people who care about this issue to join this event. Independent advocates are an important social support force for the life transformation of the elderly without family members in the organization. We hope that there are capable and caring people in the society to join in the work of advocacy for the disadvantaged, to demonstrate their principles for civil society and humanitarianism. As one of the independent advocates, I shall do my best for the progress and development of society and the protection of human rights. Keywords: independent advocacy, institutional care for the elderly, independent advocacy programs, social support.