半農半Ｘ社群之社會創新的商業模式與影響力探討－以慢島生活社群為例

Abstract

本研究應用 BMC 和 SROI 研究方法，以宜蘭縣員山鄉深溝村的慢島生活社群做為研究個案，探討一群彼此沒有從屬關係的半農半Ｘ行動者，在特定的農村場域基礎上，如何透過社會創新的手段，發展農村的創新模式。 以半農半Ｘ社群為基礎的農村社會創新，是需要一群具備問題解決和資源整合的行動者，將個人擁有的技能、場域、設備與人力，透過共享、交換和出租資源的商業活動與協作消費，來解決個體在農村生產、生活與生態的問題，並對農村的經濟、社會與環境，帶來永續發展的價值。其在經濟面有增加農村整體經濟產值和就業機會。社會面有增加農村關係人口與自我實現，環境面則有活絡閒置農地與房舍，以及友善環境的生產，增加農村環境品質。 要研究以半農半Ｘ社群為基礎的商業模式，需要修編Osterwalder和Pigneur（2010）的BMC模型，以利益網絡者來說明其價值主張、關係、關鍵資源和活動，加入網絡行動者價值共享的操作模式，以及從利益網絡者來說明其投入成本與預期效益，來說明一群半農半Ｘ行動者如何取得社會支持，與透過在地行動來營造他們想要的農村生活。 半農半Ｘ社群的社會影響力評估，需要藉由SROI結合BMC來進行。對於同時會參與多樣與多元的角色與活動的半農半Ｘ行動者，其範圍是不易界定的。因此，需要借助BMC方法，才能有效與利益關係人討論，進而能界定其範圍與投入和產出、並且能避免投入或是成果的重複計算。而透過量化與數據化的SROI，則能說明BMC商業模型在設計上的信度與效度。BMC和SROI工具是具有互補性的。 以半農半X社群為基礎的社會創新，包含有人與非人：關鍵行動者、消費者與深溝村。研究結果說明半農半Ｘ社群對於農村發展具有顯著的影響，每投資一元具有10.85元的回報，此說明了半農半Ｘ行動者具備有利社會行為的社會企業家的精神，他們試圖以友善環境與共享社群的經濟模式，找到一條回歸農村生活的路。半農半Ｘ社群可能是現代主流發展模式的替代可能性，可以成為營造共善的永續農村的實踐道路。 This study applies BMC and SROI research methods, taking the Island Time community in Shengou Village, Yuanshan Township, Yilan County as a case study, to explore a group of half-farmer and half-X actors who have no affiliation with each other, how to develop the new innovative model in rural areas through social innovation means. Rural social innovation based on the half-farmer and half-X community requires a group of actors with problem solving and resource integration. They use their personal skills, fields, equipment and manpower to solve the problems of individual production, life and ecology in rural areas through commercial activities and collaborative consumption of sharing, exchanging and leasing resources. And bring the value of sustainable development to the rural economy, society and environment. It is necessary to revise the BMC model of Osterwalder and Pigneur (2010) to describe its business model. Use stakeholders networking to illustrate its value proposition, relationships, key resources, and activities. It includes the operation mode of the sharing economy among community actors. To illustrate how these actors can obtain social support and create the rural life they want through local action. The social impact assessment of the half-farmer and half-X community model needs to be carried out through SROI combined with BMC. It is not easy to define the scope of actors who will be involved in diverse roles and activities at the same time. Therefore, it is necessary to use the BMC method to effectively discuss with stakeholders, so as to define its scope, and to avoid double counting of inputs or results. Through quantitative SROI, the reliability and validity of the BMC model can be demonstrated. Both tools are complementary. The findings suggest that they have a significant impact on rural development. Every dollar invested has a return of 10.85 yuan. It also shows that half-farmer half-X actors have the spirit of social entrepreneurship. They try to find a way back to rural life with an economic model of friendly environment and shared community. The half-farmer half-X community may be an alternative to the modern mainstream development model. It can be a practical way to create sustainable rural areas for common good.