噶瑪恰美《聖大悲觀世音指引：大手印大圓滿雙融心要修持》根本頌譯注與研究

Abstract

本文譯注研究藏傳佛教噶舉及寧瑪白玉傳承中很重要的一位祖師瑜伽士－噶瑪恰美的著作，這是一部關於心性修持的經驗指導著作，是一位精通三藏與密法修持成就，及擁有上百部著作之傳承持有者的口訣教法，噶瑪恰美亦是乃多噶舉傳承創始人，乃多噶舉始於明末清初，是融合寧瑪、噶舉、天法教法之岡倉噶舉的分支傳承。此部藏文文本內容為藏傳佛教禪修之修道次第引導，著重在密續法教，由於作者在引言的第一首道歌即給予修習密法行者有關「雙融」應有的正確知見，因此，文本教授的對象是金剛乘禪修行者，且對於生起次第及圓滿次第有一定修持基礎。文本整篇以偈頌及八首道歌方式呈現，科判結構分引言、前行、正行、結行，首先前行，由第二首到第四首道歌闡述藏傳佛教五大傳承所共修的「加行」法門，內容包括顯密「共」同及密宗「不共」之修持，正行以接下來的三首道歌涵蓋以下三個次第的修持指引，分別為：生圓次第雙融及止觀修持的應用、起修後的覺受層次與障礙消除方法、了悟心性後的增上修持，最後一首道歌為結行，闡述強調日常心性修持的重要性，並且熟練運用之，可以轉死亡為道用，有利中陰修持。此八首道歌融合寧瑪大圓滿及噶舉大手印兩大傳承之心性修持法教，充分展現乃多噶舉傳承修持特色，為噶瑪恰美法教有關禪修的典型代表著作。

This thesis is to translate and annotate one of many works that written by Karma Chagme, who is a formidable scholar and prolific author, a great meditation master and yogi in the Kagyu and Nyingma Palyul lineage, the text contains the nature-mind training and meditative practice in a mnemonic rhyme form that based on author’s real experience and realization. As a lineage holder, Karma Chagme was highly realized and accomplished individual in both scholarship and tantric meditation with hundreds of texts accomplished, Karma Chagme is also the founder of the Neydo Kagyu, it was founded in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, a sub-lineage of Kamtsang Kagyu that intergrates Nyingma, Kagyu, and Terton Namcho teachings. The content of this Tibetan text is to guide the meditation methods of Tibetan Buddhism, mainly focusing on tantric practice teachings. At the beginning of the text, given that Karma Chagme gave the teaching of the profound dharma directly about the correct views of practicing “The Union” in Vajrayana, the practitioners are aimed at Vajrayana meditators who has a certain meditation background and skill for the Generation Stage and Completion Stage. The text was composed of eight songs that are presented in the form of verses, according to the annotations, diacritics and transcription, the second to the fourth songs teach and guide the Preliminary foundation, or called “Ngondro”, which is the common preparatory practice to all five lineages of Tibetan Buddhism, it includes the practice of “common” in Mahayana and “non-common” in Vajrayana or the tantra. The fifth to the seventh songs are the main topics of the text, and cover the following three stages of meditative practice guidance, the first one is the application of the union of the Generation and the Completion Stage that connected with quiescence (or Śamatha) and insight ( or Vipaśyanā) meditative practice, the second one is the phase of the arising of experience and the elimination of obstacles after starting the practice, the final one is the enhancement practice after realization of nature-mind. The last song is the final subject of the text, which expounds and emphasizes the necessity to cultivate and experience the nature-mind in ordinary times, given that those are the essential methods and skills when the time of death is coming, it is also beneficial to the practice during the bardo. This text integrates the two major traditions of Nyingma and Kagyu lineages regarding the nature-mind practice, it fully demonstrates the characteristics and meditative theory of the Neydo Kagyu lineage, and it is also a master piece that represents typical work of Karma Chagme’s teachings on Buddhist meditation.