西藏佛教宗義書的源流與演變：以二世達賴喇嘛《進入宗義海的船筏》譯注與研究為中心

Abstract

本論文以觀察西藏宗義書的形成為目的，宗義書是對印度佛教哲學思想的統整，概略描述佛教各教派義理，包含（但不限於）顯教四大教派、密乘以及非佛教的派別。從大藏經收錄的論書可知，印度就有書寫教派宗義的文本，但當時沒有使用「siddhānta」（中：宗義，藏：grub mtha’）作為標題。西藏前弘期的譯師書寫宗義書多半使用「見」（lta ba）作為標題，到了後弘期，西藏各教派不同祖師撰寫的宗義書則開始大量以「宗義」為題名，但內容不一，顯密教的分派各有異同。

因此筆者使用文獻分析的方法，敘述印度論書以及西藏宗義書之間的關聯性，描述西藏祖師如何從印度論書中學習各宗的見解，並自己書寫專門描述宗義的文本，而形成現在看到的宗義書。接著，筆者從二世達賴喇嘛根敦嘉措著的《進入宗義海的船筏》的譯注以及其自傳，嘗試敘述其教義思想的建構，進而比對格魯派中宗義書書寫的異同，確立格魯派佛教教義思想的傳承。

最後，筆者期望從宏觀的角度，即宗義書寫內容涵蓋的教派，建立印度至西藏教理傳承的連續性。The purpose of this paper is to observe the evolution of formation of grub mtha’. Grub mtha’, called siddhānta in Sanskrit, is a collection of Indian Buddhist philosophy, and describes the thought of various schools, including (but not limited to) the four major schools, Tantric and non-Buddhist schools. We can see many treatises to describe the point of view of the various schools in the bsTan 'gyur, but “siddhānta” was not used as the title at that time. Both of the grub mtha’ used “view” (lta ba) as the title in 9th century. In the later period, a large number of grub mtha’ written by the masters of different sects in Tibetan Buddhism and began to use “grub mtha’” as a title. But the contents of each texts were not the same, and so were the name of schools . Therefore, I use the method of literature analysis to describe the correlation between Indian and Tibetan texts, describe how the Tibetan masters learned the buddhist philosophy from Indian treatises, and write his own text in describing the tenets of each Indian school. Next, I try to study on Ship for Entering the Ocean of Tenets, written by the second Dalai Lama, and compare it to another grub mtha’ in Gelug. To establish the inheritance of buddhist thoughts in Gelug. Finally, I expect to establish the continuity of buddhist thoughts from India to Tibet by a macro perspective.