《舍利弗阿毘曇論》安般念十六勝行詮釋之分析——以《瑜伽師地論》為參照

Abstract

為了分析《舍利弗阿毘曇論》對安般十六勝行的詮釋，本論文提出兩層式詮釋架構：1.「各別詮釋」是對單一勝行的詮釋；2.「共通詮釋」是貫穿每一個勝行的詮釋。為了更充分彰顯《舍利弗阿毘曇論》的詮釋特色，也分析《瑜伽師地論》對十六勝行的詮釋，以作為參照比較。 本論文首先比較了《雜阿含經》與《相應部》十六勝行經文的差異，以及兩論較接近的經文。針對「各別詮釋」，分析了「三種『身』、喜與樂、六種『心』、四種『觀』」，共15 個名詞的定義。除澄清個別的定義，並比較兩論定義上的差異。在「共通詮釋」部分，針對《舍利弗阿毘曇論》提出「思維性」、「獨立性」兩種共通詮釋；針對《瑜伽師地論》提出「累進性」一種共通詮釋。「思維性」可以分成發現、熟練、創生三個階段。本論文指出《舍利弗阿毘曇論》對每一勝行的詮釋，都包含三階段思維。「獨立性」是指每一個勝行都可獨立修習，沒有先後次序，因為每一個勝行都以「得悅喜」為目標。《瑜伽師地論》的「累進性」則是主張後面的勝行以前面的勝行為基礎，修行境界逐漸上升。藉由各別詮釋與共通詮釋的比較，能充分顯示兩論的特色與差異。

In this paper, I offer an analysis of the interpretation about the 16-bases of breathing in the Shelifu apitanlun (舍利弗阿毘曇論).This analysis reveals that the interpretation includes two levels: the individual interpretation which is specific to one base, and the common interpretation which is common to all 16-bases. In order to explore the characteristics of the interpretation, a similar analysis found in the in Yuqie shidilun (瑜伽師地論) is proposed as a reference point. A comparison is first made with regard to two early sutras about the 16-bases of breathing, one from the Saṃyuttāgama (雜阿含經) and one from the Saṃyutta Nikāya (相應部). It is found that the Shelifu apitanlun is closer to the Saṃyutta Nikāya and the Yuqie shidilun is close to the Saṃyuttāgama. The individual interpretation examines the definitions of 15 terms including 3 terms about body, delight, pleasure,5 terms related to mind, and 4 terms about observation. I present a comparison of the definitions given by the Shelifu apitanlun and the Yuqie shidilun. The common interpretation analysis found that there are two common interpretations for the Shelifu apitanlun, thinking and independent-practice, while there is only one for the Yuqie shidilun, progressive-practice. Thinking can further be divided into three stages, including discovery, acquaintance, and activation, which are applicable to all 16-bases. Independent-practice means that every base can be practiced without practicing of any other base, which is identified through examining the goal of each base; obtaining happiness and delight (得悅喜). The progressive-practice of the Yuqie shidilun means that the practice of each base is a further development of prior bases.