《大乘莊嚴經論．安慧釋》譯注與考察——第十七品「供養」與「依止」

Abstract

根據學界研究梵本《大乘莊嚴經論》（MSA）約成書於西元三到五世紀間，其著作者各有不同，大致上以彌勒、無著、世親三者為主。該論為印度佛教瑜伽行派闡述大乘菩薩道精神之主要論典，探究大乘二宗之一瑜伽行派思想之重要文獻。 現存唯一的孤本――《安慧釋》在佛教發源地印度，抑或於藏譯及漢譯兩大佛教傳統，無疑是一部最為詳盡解釋《大乘莊嚴經論》的著作。《安慧釋》除了對《大乘莊嚴經論》共21 品一一給予周詳的注解外，也特別針對各品間的關聯性具體說明其因果關係。各品內容結構嚴謹、思路清晰、釋文龐大，對於疑難段落反覆闡釋說明。 同屬於《慈氏五論》之一《大乘莊嚴經論》，在藏傳佛教傳統上歸類為「廣大行派」之經典，對於藏傳佛教思想之發展產生深遠影響，為寺院教育「十三部大論」或「通用大論」教材之一，其重要性可見一斑。本文《安慧釋》第十七品「供養」與「依止」之譯注與考察 有以下四點： 一、導論部分將安慧之生平著述分析並整理，特別對於《安慧釋》之特色內容進行探討性研究。採用不同版本比對校勘、進行漢譯與注解之方法，同時比對《藏譯世親釋》、《唐譯》、梵本《大乘莊嚴經論》分析整理相互間偈頌、釋文等之異同。 二、《安慧釋》與《藏譯世親釋》及《唐譯》在偈頌與釋文方面進行比對整理，同時對於三者完整內容進行比較，其內容結構上之異同進行對比分析及對照呈現。191《大乘莊嚴經論．安慧釋》譯注與考察——第十七品「供養」與「依止」 三、對於「供養」與「依止」內容在不同版本對勘的基礎上，以藏漢對照之方式逐字逐句進行漢譯並注解。 四、針對《安慧釋》與《藏譯世親釋》及《唐譯》三者間之疑難字詞進行對照，並整理不同佛典之漢譯用詞。

According to scholars the Sanskrit Mahāyāna-sūtrālamkāra-kārikā (MSA) appeared between the third and fifth century CE, yet there is disagreement as to the identity of its author, with Maitreya, Asaṅga and Vasubandhu as the three main candidates. This treatise is one of the Yogācāra school's central texts which discusses the spirit of the Mahāyāna's bodhisattva's path and Mind-Only philosophy, one of the two doctrinal branches of the Great Vehicle. The Sthiramati Commentary (Anhuishi 安慧釋) is in India, Tibet or China, without a doubt the most detailed extent exposition of the Mahāyānasūtrālamkāra-kārikā. In addition to providing us with a systematic commentary of the text's twenty-one chapters, Sthiramati also presents the connection and causal relationships between said chapters. With a well-knit structure, a clear train of thought and a commentary of impressive length, Sthiramati gives repeated expositions on the text's most arduous passages. While the Chinese tradition subsumes the Mahāyāna-sūtrālamkārakārikā under the collection of the Five Treatises of Maitreya (bYams chos sde lnga), the Tibetan tradition classifies this treatise as part of the Lineage of Extensive Deeds (Udāracārya parampara) where it had far reaching influence on the development of Tibetan Buddhist thought. Its importance can be seen in its inclusion to the Collection of Thirteen Great Treatises (gZhung chen bcu gsum) as well as its use as common teaching material. This study and annotations of the seventeenth chapter of Sthiramati's commentary on offering (gongyang 供養 / mChod pa) and refuge (Yizhi 依止 / bsTen pa) will offer a discussion of the extant sources on Sthiramati's biography with a special emphasis on the unique features of the Sthiramati Commentary. A number of versions are used to compare, collate, annotate and translate the text into Chinese, using the Sanskrit text as well as the Tibetan and Chinese (Tang) translations of the Mahāyāna-sūtrālamkāra-kārikā to present and analyze the similarities and differences between the various sources for the text's verse and commentary sections. Additionally, I contrast and discuss some of the more difficult terminology found the Sthiramati Commentary and the Tibetan and Chinese translations of the Mahāyāna-sūtrālamkāra-kārikā, as well as collect the various terms used in Chinese translated texts.