老人住宅-新共居生活之想像

Abstract

Generations under the same roof had being the major type of family in Taiwan; however, now the younger generations are tending to liv e by themselves. As the result, that impacts the caring system of the aged at home as we did traditionally. This thesis focuses on this change and the extent to which the policy and alternative housings respond to in current aged society. So far, the alter native housings for the aged are nursing homes ran by NGOs or NPOs, individual apartments for the aged, and senior housing communities under the management of private company. All above are designed and fitted for the healthy elderly only, not for the need s of the aged with handicap from slight to heavy level. Since the demands of social welfare for the aged, especially senior living housing, are skyrocketing, the government begins to invest social rented housing for those aged, homeless, lower SES groups, and other minorities by the housing act of 2011. Meanwhile, the government also learn from outside to promote alternative housing types, such as aged to aged housing, mixed age housing, and housing co operatives for the aged. Do these alternatives work as well in Taiwan in terms of culture of "home as final destination"? Are these alternatives compensatable in the housing market for the aged? By digging into the policies and the strategies of senior living housing in Taiwan, I overview all available materia ls, including news media, journal articles and websites, to answer questions above. The results suggest the positive possibility of these alternative housing strategies fitted the demands of our elderly in Taiwan.

過往老人多是與兒孫同屋而住為主；然而，隨著時代變遷，年輕人不再與父母親同住，導致照顧年邁老人的生活起居需求漸增。本文所關注的即是當前政府以及既有的老人居住型態之相關政策與運作模式，是否能因應臺灣高齡社會當中的老人居住需求。基本上，目前臺灣高齡者住宅型態以健康老人為入住對象，例如社會福利機構的「自費安養中心」、同一般住宅的「老人公寓」、以及民間企業自行開發的「銀髮住宅」、「銀髮社區」。2011年政府為重視老人的居住照護，開始進行多元的居住政策規劃，其中以《住宅法》為法律基礎，興建「社會住宅」，來處理青年居住、弱勢者、老人居住的問題。同時，借鏡國外，引進歐美盛行的「青銀共居」經驗，促進不同世代相互瞭解與融合。另有「高齡者與高齡者共同居住住宅」的推行，冀望減少高齡者在租屋市場受到的歧視與不公平待遇、以「合作社住宅共居」的形式，建造自己想要過的生活方式。這些多元的老人居住型態是否符合臺灣老人的需求以及其社會文化習慣，即是本文分析與檢討的重點。因此，本研究透過媒體新聞、相關文獻、政府公告等次級資料，整理出臺灣高齡者住宅的演變過程，從各類型高齡者住宅發展的脈絡、政策法令，瞭解其間的差異以及未來發展趨勢。研究結果發現，從文獻，國外實際運行的案例，以及發展至全球各大城市的共居共住數量日益增加，皆明白的顯示，共居住宅是未來的趨勢。本文最後也提出合作社共同居住、高齡者與高齡者共同居住、高齡者與年輕人共同居住在臺灣發展的可行性。