死心悟新禪法的承襲與融會

Abstract

宋代佛教是一個轉折期的佛教，各宗派面臨的時代性的課題，即是如何在此轉折期的時代下發展與融合。死心悟新禪師（1043~1115），為臨濟宗黃龍派第二世晦堂祖心禪師之法嗣。本文藉由文獻整理，先敘述死心悟新禪師所處之時代背景、介紹禪師生平。接著，探討死心禪師禪法之承襲與融會。簡要言之，死心禪師所承襲的禪法包含以下五點：直指本心；不拘一格；不執著文字、強調實修；黃龍三關的流變；以無學之學的精神融通內外經典，吸引士大夫禪悅風氣。此外，死心禪師並將雲門宗活句與頌拈古的特色，以及念佛可定心亦可升淨土的概念，融會至自己的禪法之中，使其禪法進一步圓融和諧。黃龍派自慧南禪師起，即有融攝諸宗的的精神，無怪乎慧南下二三世時期，黃龍派已是當時最盛行之宗派，本文之研究結果，即還原死心悟新禪師在當時具代表性的歷史地位與重要性。

Buddhism in the Song Dynasty was a period of transitional Buddhism. The sectarian issues facing each sect are how to develop and integrate into this era of transition. The Chan Master Sixin Wuxin (1043 ~ 1115), a disciple of Linji Zong Huanglong School Chan Master Huitang Zuxin, is a well-known Chan master of the Northern Song Dynasty. This article is compiled by literature, first describing the background of the times and introducing his life. Next, discuss the inheritance and fusion of his Chan method. In short, the Chan method inherited by the Chan Master Sixin Wuxin consists of the following five points: Straight to the original heart; multiple ways of guidance; not clinging to the text, emphasizing practice; the evolution of the Chan method; blending various classics to attract literati meditation. Besides, he integrated the characteristics of Yungmern School and Pure Land School into his own Chan. Starting from the Master Huinan of the Huanglong School, it has the spirit of merging various schools. No wonder that after the Chan Master Huinan, the Huanglong School was already the most popular sect at that time. The research results of this article restore the historical status and importance of Chan Master Sixin Wuxin at that time.