懺悔內涵與滅罪方式

Abstract

佛教懺悔的儀式，為了適應所弘傳的社會環境，因而產生譯詞與內容之「格義」與演變。如智者大師認為「kṣama」譯成懺悔是梵漢並舉，使用拆字解，雖無過失，而且順應了世俗利益，也對當時社會有教化之功。但其與梵語原意仍有差距，因此筆者將懺悔的相關梵語「kṣama」、「deśanā」、「āpatti-pratideśanā」、「pratikaroti」等進行解析，並對懺悔的定型句的幾位譯者之翻譯進行比對討論。再舉出罪與除罪懺法的相關事例，陳述除罪的賠償概念與懺悔的心理療癒，以便釐清懺悔的原始相貌與意義，期於未來對懺悔能產生更大的實效。並冀望站在平等自新的角度，對「心靈改革」能有所助益。

The confession ritual of Buddhism, in order to adapt to the social environment spread, has produced the meaning and evolution of the translated words and content. For example, Master Zhiyi（智顗）has thought that the translation of "kṣama" into Confession(懺悔) in Chinese was a combination of Sanskrit and Chinese. Even if the use of word-breaking had no fault, and it conformed to the worldly interests, and it also had the power to teach the society at that time. But there was still a gap between the original meaning of Sanskrit and Chinese. The author analyzed confessions related to Sanskrit "kṣama", "deśanā", "āpatti-pratideśanā", "pratikaroti", etc., and compared and discussed the stereotyped sentences about confession translated from several translators. The author cited the related examples of sin and guilt confession, state the concept of compensation for guilt and the psychological healing of confession, in order to clarify the original appearance and significance of confession, and hoped that kinds of confession would have a greater practical effect in the future, and hoped that kinds of confession could do some help in the "Spiritual reform".